xxx大学

标准化教育资源版权保护机制研究

Research on Mechanisms of Digital Rights Protection for Standardized Learning Resources

摘  要
实现教育资源的合理开发和有效应用，并保证权利拥有者的合法权益，是教育信息化发展所必须研究的重要课题。数字版权保护是资源保护和合理应用最理想的方式之一。促进学习对象的重用和交换，同时保护教育资源权利拥有者的合法权益是网络教育得以广泛开展的两个关键问题。教育资源的数字权利保护涉及学习对象的权利描述、使用者身份认证、学习对象交易、权利保护、教育资源的使用监控和追踪等，同时也包括对权利拥有者间关系的管理。其研究的难点体现在教育资源标准基础上学习资源版权保护系统的安全机制、描述机制和权利的执行机制。本文围绕着学习资源的重用、交换和权利保护问题展开研究，包括四个方面内容：（1）教育资源版权保护体系结构及安全协议的研究；（2）教育资源的权利描述机制研究；（3）教育资源权利执行机制的研究；（4）教育资源版权保护应用与实践。本文得到了国家863项目“数字视音频编码、传输、测试与应用研究”中的“数字媒体版权管理技术与标准”子项目（2004AA119010-5），以及国家“十五”重大科技攻关项目“网络教育关键技术及示范工程”的子项目“教育资源描述组织与注册发现技术”（专题编号：2001BA101A12）等支助。
本文取得的研究成果包括如下几个方面：
（1）标准化教育资源版权保护体系结构及安全协议研究：针对教育资源媒体类型复杂，标准化教育资源的重用、交换和版权保护间相关问题展开研究工作。论文研究了标准化教育资源权利管理的功能结构和系统模型，建立了教育资源版权保护通道模型，提出了符合教育资源保护的安全协议框架：水平方向的安全通信通道和垂直方向的内容安全执行通道，并设计了内容认证、许可证认证及迁移协议。论文通过扩展的、基于责任性的逻辑方法分析了协议的责任性问题，从理论上证明了协议的安全性。结果表明，教育资源版权保护体系结构能满足教育资源在线和离线管理，以及超级分发的应用需要。
（2）教育资源权利描述机制研究：针对学习对象存在的粒度、分类和序列化问题，论文建立了RLO-RKU可重用结构的学习对象模型，并通过分析研究，验证了该模型的合理性和可行性。其次，针对目前网络教育技术标准中存在的权利描述缺陷，论文提出了与内容包装规范和学习对象元数据结合的教育资源的权利描述模型。通过元数据信息与权利信息的XML绑定，论文分析了两种权利描述模型的适用层面以及特点。
（3）教育资源权利执行机制研究：针对当前数字资源的保护和执行是针对某类媒体，并采用非标准的描述方法和策略，使得系统之间难以互操作问题，论文从分析了教育资源的权利可执行性问题出发，提出了教育资源权利执行基本模型。通过标准基础上的许可证描述模型设计，论文系统地阐述了教育资源的权利执行机制和许可证执行机制。通过案例的研究证明了教育资源执行机制的可行性。
（4）教育资源版权保护应用与实践研究：在上述理论研究的基础上，论文设计和实践了两种教育资源的数字版权保护方案：基于流的和基于插件的数字版权保护服务方案。基于流的保护方案实现了系统的体系结构、内容保护及认证协议、许可证认证协议的实现。基于插件的版权保护方案实现了权利描述机制、权利的执行机制和插件的实现。
论文的部分研究成果被信息产业部AVS标准组织接收，作为数字版权保护技术和标准的基础内容。该项目的研究成果同时也是正在进行中的“教育资源版权保护相关规范”重要内容，对标准化教育资源版权保护体系的建立具有重要指导意义。

关键词：数字权利；学习对象；认证协议；执行机制；描述模型；教育技术标准；可重用
Abstract
It is important for the further development of educational informationlization to prompt the application of education resources and guarantee the profits of rights holders. Digital rights protection is an ideal method, and it is also a very essential field in digital content protection and information security. Promoting reuse and trade of learning objects, while protecting rights holders' profits are two key issues. Digital rights management for learning resources covers rights expression, authentication, trade, protection, monitor and trace of tangible and imtangible resources, including the relationships of rights holders. The main problems are some mechnisms of security, rights expression and rights enforcement.
The research of this dissertation mainly focuses on intelligent properties of standardized learning resources and includes four issues: (1) Architecture and security protocol framework of digital rights managements for standardized learning resources; (2) Rights expression mechanism of learning resources; (3) Rights enforcement mechanism for learning resources; (4) Development and application of digital rights management schema for learning resources. The work in this Dissertation has been supported by the project “Digital Rights Management Technologies and Standards for Digital Media” (No.2004AA119010-5), which is a sub-project of "Research on Encoding, Delivery, Testing and Application of Digital Video and Audio" project in the National 863 Plan, and supported by the project "Organization, Registery and Discovery of Learning Resources" (No.2001BA101A12), a sub-project of the "Key Technology and Demonstration Project of Network Learning" project in the 10th National Five Year Plan for Key Problem Tackling in Science and Technology.
The contributions of this thesis include:
1. Research on secure protection architecture and secure protocols for standardized learning resources: Towards the problem between prompting reuse and trade of learning objects and protecting rights holders' profits, the dissertation studies digital rights management model and functional structure, builds up secure access protocol and authenticating protocols. By analyzing the security core of the model, security protocol framework is provided as follows: communication authenticating protocol channel and content authenticating protocol channel. The dissertation builds up a content container of learning resources, and provides content authenticating protocol. At the same time, according to properties of learning resources and the requirement of retrieval and management of licenses, a license authentication protocol and a license security transfer protocol are proposed and analyzed by formal logical methods. The result shows that our designed architecture and protocols can meet the requirements of online and offline management, as well as superdistribution of learning resources.
2. Research on rights expression of learning resources: Based on analyzing the properties and educational problems of e-learning technologies, reusable learning objects model is proposed by considering granularity, taxonomy and sequence of learning resources. The model "RLO-RKU" is two layers reusable learning object model. It improves the classic learning object model in granularity, taxonomy and navigator. Feasibility of the model is verified through an example. By considering protection granularity of learning resources and integration of learning objects and rights objects, the dissertation brings forward digital rights description model of learning resources and describes the model by integrating digital rights expression language into e-learning technology standards. By expressing the rights model, the dissertation analyses the properties and applications of two rights expression models.
3. Research on rights enforcement mechanism for learning resources: Existing researches on digital rights management of digital media are mainly based on a kind of media with non-standardized expressing methods. The dissertation proposes license model for learning resources by integrating rights objects and learning objects. It also studies rights enforcement models and license enforcement mechanisms. The case of rights enforcement proves the feasibility of rights enforcement mechanism.
4. Research on development and application of digital rights management for learning resources: Based on digital rights management model and relative strategies, two protection schemas for learning resources are proposed. The one is digital rights management of learning resources based on streaming media, which is applied to superdistribution model and live broadcast model. It has the features such as flexible management, synchronous browsing, live broadcast, and so on. The schema verifies the authenticating protocols. The schema is also applied in the Virtual Classroom Management System. The application testifies the strategies feasibility and operability. The other is digital rights management of learning resources based on Plug-in technologies. In the schema, license is stored in the server side. The method enhances the system security, reduces some risks in protection of learning resources. The schema is fitted for learning resources management and flexible commercial model.
Parts of research achievements are adopted as the basic proposals of technologies and stardards of digital rights management by Audio-Video Standard organization of Ministry of Information Industry in china. At the same time, the research works are the important achievements of “specification of digital rights management for learning resources”. These achievements will become important guides for building up secure architecture of digital rights management for standardized learning resources.

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