摘  要
随着电力电子技术的高速发展，电力电子设备与人们的工作、生活的关系日益密切，而电子设备都离不开可*的电源，进入80年代计算机电源全面实现了开关电源化。开关电源是利用现代电力电子技术，控制开关晶体管开通和关断的时间比率，维持稳定输出电压的一种电源，开关电源一般由脉冲宽度调制（PWM）控制IC和MOSFET、IGBT等功率管构成。开关电源和线性电源相比，二者的成本都随着输出功率的增加而增长，但二者增长速率各异。线性电源成本在某一输出功率点上，反而高于开关电源，这一成本反转点。随着电力电子技术的发展和创新，使得开关电源技术在不断地创新，这一成本反转点日益向低输出电力端移动，这为开关电源提供了广泛的发展空间。
    开关电源高频化是其发展的方向，高频化使开关电源小型化，并使开关电源进入更广泛的应用领域，特别是在高新技术领域的应用，推动了高新技术产品的小型化、轻便化。另外开关电源的发展与应用在节约能源、节约资源及保护环境方面都具有重要的意义。
本次设计就是利用脉冲宽度调制（PWM）控制IC作为控制器来实现直流稳压系统的稳定输出的。但由于实际应用的可实现性、技术成熟性及时间的仓促，在此只进行了理论上的探讨分析，后续工作有待于继续研究。
该稳压系统的关键在于控制系统的设计，及开关晶体管的选择及应用。
关键词: 开关电源；绝缘栅极晶体管(IGBT)；TL494。
 
Abstract
Along with the electric power electronic technology high speed development, the electric power electronic installation and people's work, the life relations are day by day close, but the electronic installation cannot leave the reliable power source, entered the 80's computers power source comprehensively to realize the switching power supply. The switching power supply is uses the modern electric power electronic technology, the controlling switch transistor clears the time ratio which and shuts off, the maintenance stable output voltage one kind of power source, the switching power supply by the pulse width modulation (PWM) controls power tube constitution generally and so on the IC and MOSFET, IGBT. The switching power supply and the linear power source compare, the two cost all but grows along with the output increase, but two growth speed respectively different. The linear power source cost lights in some output, instead is higher than the switching power supply, this cost point of inversion. Along with the electric power electronic technology development and the innovation, causes the switching power supply technology in to innovate unceasingly, this cost point of inversion to the low output electric power end migration, this has provided the widespread development space day by day for the switching power supply.
Switching power supply 高频化 is its development direction,高频化 causes the switching power supply miniaturization, and causes the switching power supply to enter the more widespread application domain, specially in the high technology and new technology domain application, impelled the high technology and new technology product miniaturization, to be facile. Moreover the switching power supply development and the application are saving the energy, the frugal resources and the protection environment aspect all has the vital significance.
This design is (PWM) controls IC using the pulse width modulation to realize the direct current constant voltage system stable output as the controller. But as a result of the practical application realizability, the technical maturation and time hastiness, has carried on the theoretically discussion analysis only in this, the following work waits for in continues to study.
This constant voltage system key lies in the control system the design, and switch transistor choice and application.
Key word: Switching power supply; Insulation electronics grid transistor (IGBT);
TL494.
 
目  录
第1章 绪论.................................1
1.1概论.........................................1
1.2稳压电源分类.................................4
第2章  方案论证..............................6
2.1 主回路形式的选择............................6
2.1.1  正激电路.........................6
2.1.2   反激电路..............................8
2.1.3半桥电路.................................10
2.1.4全桥电路................................13
2.1.5推挽电路................................16
第3章 主回路的设计...........................22
3.1主回路元器件的选择...........................22
3.1.2整流组件参数的计算.........................27
3.2输出滤波电路设计............................29
3.3  开关功率管的选择...........................30
3.3.1功率开关管IGBT的基本特性..................31
3.3.2 IGBT的参数确定............................36
第4章 控制回路的设计.....................38
4.1 PWM控制芯片的选择..........................38
4.1.1 TL494 脉宽调制集成电路结构................39
4.2控制芯片外电路设计...........................43
4.3 IGBT的栅极驱动选择.........................47
4.3.1 IGBT对栅极驱动电路的特殊要求..............47
4.3.2 IGBT栅极驱动电路应满足的条件..............49
4.3.3栅极串联电阻及栅极驱动电压上升、下降速率....51
4.4辅助电源的设计...............................56
4.5隔离问题.....................................57
结  论.........................................59
致 谢 .........................................61
参考文献.......................................62

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