摘要
随着电力系统规模的不断扩大和快速励磁系统的大量应用，电网的低频振荡问题越来越引起人们的关注。本文对电力系统的一次调频和低频振荡的相互作用问题进行了深入研究。
首先，本文在系统研究电力系统相关知识的基础上，提出了典型三机系统模型，建立了一次调频与低频振荡相互联系的桥梁。本文解决了三机系统的PID参数设计与协调控制问题，使该三机模型具有了广泛的代表性和工程实践的意义。
第二，本文将电力系统的各机组间的机电振荡视为刚体转子模型的摄动，基于广义观测器提出一种汽机侧低频振荡滤波器。将低频振荡滤波器应用于电力系统中汽机侧的控制过程，实现对低频振荡的快速，有效削减和抑制，提高了系统的调频精度。由于电力系统控制器极点和广义观测器极点具有分离特性，可进行独立设计，分别保证控制性能和抑制机电振荡，因此是一种实用的低频振荡滤波器的设计方法。同时，对带有低频振荡滤波器的系统进行仿真分析，讨论影响低频振荡的因素。
第三，本文基于X11算法，提出了新型电力系统负荷分析方法。针对以往电力负荷平滑分析算法较为粗糙的问题。提出一种可变精度的负荷趋势性分量估计算法，为实践中电网运行人员提供了一种新型负荷预测、分析方法。

关键词　电力系统；低频振荡；三机系统；低频振荡滤波器；X11算法
Abstract
As it become larger of the size of the power system and the amount of the use of the rigid-excitator, the low-frequency oscillations of the power system is more serious  . The detailed investigation of the connection of primary frequency regulation with the low-frequency oscillations was done .in this paper .
First , on the basis of knowledge of the power system , the typical tri-generator power system was advanced . and the bridge of the primary frequency regulation and the low-frequency oscillations was built . The problem of the tuning of the PID controller was solved  Just for it ,the tri-generator power system can be used in practice.
Second , by considering the low-frequency oscillations of the generators of the electric power system as the plant perturbation of the rigid rotor , a filter of the low-frequency oscillations which is connected to the turbine is based on the general observer . Though the filter of the low-frequency oscillations used in the electric power systems . It makes that the boost , effective suppression of the low-frequency oscillations and improved the tuning accuracy of the system . It is proved that the control system with the filter of the low-frequency oscillations preserved the separation principle between the poles of control systems and that of the observer. So the controller and the filter of the low-frequency oscillations can be designed independently to insure control performance and the suppression of the low-frequency oscillations. This is a practical design approach for the filter of the low-frequency oscillations.
Third , on the basis of the algorithm of X11 , a new type of analysis of the load of the power system was brought out . On the converse of the imprecision of the other algorithm on the analysis of the load of the power system , the algorithm was advanced which can make the accuracy changed . And this method will give the operator of the power system a new weapon to the analysis of trend of the load of the power system .

Keywords　the power system ; the low-frequency oscillations ; tri-generator power system ; the filter of the low-frequency oscillations ; the algorithm of X11
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 课题研究的目的和意义 1
1.2 低频振荡的振荡机理研究 2
1.3 抑制低频振荡方法的研究现状 3
1.3.1 低频振荡的分析方法 3
1.3.2 低频振荡的抑制方法 4
1.4 本文研究的主要内容 6
第2章 用于电力系统低频振荡研究的数学模型 8
2.1 引言 8
2.2 汽轮机单机模型 8
2.2.1 凝汽式汽轮机 8
2.2.2 中间再热式汽轮机 9
2.2.3 采用功频调节的再热式汽轮机 10
2.3 基于X11算法的负荷趋势分析 11
2.3.1 X11算法概述 11
2.3.2 X11算法的运算机理 13
2.4 用于低频震荡研究的三区域系统模型 19
2.5 本章小结 25
第3章 一次调频与机电振荡的相互作用问题的研究 26
3.1 电力系统一次调频与机电振荡相互作用原理 26
3.1.1 一次调频 26
3.1.2 慢变负荷作用下的一次调频 27
3.1.3 快变负荷作用下的一次调频 28
3.2 汽轮发电机组低频振荡滤波器 29
3.2.1 低频振荡滤波器的构造及特性分析 30
3.2.2 低频振荡滤波器的应用策略 32
3.2.3 考虑低频振荡滤波器后的汽轮发电机组的鲁棒控制 33
3.3 低频振荡滤波器的应用仿真研究 33
3.3.1 补偿器设计 33
3.3.2 PID参数设计 35
3.3.3 加入低频振荡滤波器的三区域模型建立 37
3.3.4 应用仿真与分析 38
3.4 本章小结 46
结论 48
致谢 50
参考文献 51
附录1 54
附录2 55
第1章 绪论
1.1 课题研究的目的和意义
现代电力系统是一个高度耦合的复杂系统，从理论上来说，任何来自于负载，发电机组和输变电网络的微小扰动，都将引起同步发电机转子之间的不同步（认为统一发电机组汽轮机与发电机转子为刚性联接），进而诱发机电振荡。发电机之间的这种电气联系可以类比为扭转弹簧的作用，发电机并列后相当于将各个独立扭转的发电机转子用电气扭转弹簧连接起来，构成了一个多质量弹簧系统。微小的扰动就会触发改质量—弹簧系统地

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