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毕 业 设 计（论文）

      复配絮凝剂去浊脱色研究

摘  要

废水处理是一个重要的全球性问题，目前所使用的方法有絮凝沉淀法、生化法、离子交换法等。由于絮凝方法通常只加入单一絮凝剂，处理效果往往不容易达到希望的目标。通过查阅大量中外有关絮凝剂文献，发现近年来的文献多集中于絮凝剂的研制，对无机、有机复配处理废水缺乏系统的研究，本文提出以协同方式进行水处理。
本文首先深入地研究了几种无机絮凝剂(氯化铁、硫酸铁、硫酸铝、聚合硫酸铁)和有机絮凝剂(聚丙烯酰胺、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠)的结构，并探讨了其单独作用的絮凝机理。根据理论分析，我们在三个方面做了实验研究工作：(1)有机、无机絮凝剂单独作用于高岭土原液的去浊效果，研究了最佳投加量、pH等因素的影响；(2)有机、无机进行复配使用效果与单独作用比较；(3)将复配应用到印染水样中，检验其处理效果。
通过实验和理论分析，我们发现：a．当无机絮凝剂是压缩双电层机理时，情况较复杂，若是铁系絮凝剂，应先加有机絮凝剂，再加无机絮凝剂；若为铝系絮凝剂，一般应先投加无机絮凝剂，再投加有机絮凝剂；b．当无机絮凝剂是吸附架桥机理时，应先投加有机絮凝剂，再投加无机絮凝剂c.无机絮凝剂适用范围一般在pH7～10之间；d.铁盐与有机絮凝剂复配除浊率高于铝盐与有机絮凝剂的复配；e.在浊度去除方面，复配时起主导作用的是有机絮凝剂；f.絮凝剂复配法对大多数阳离子型和中性的染料水样色度去除效果比较理想。
关键词：絮凝剂，絮凝机理，复配，浊度，色度
Abstract

Wastewater disposal is a serious international issue. At present, there are several ways in wastewater disposal, such as flocculating disposal, biochemistry, ion exchange and so on. But flocculating disposal ways usually only cast single flocculants, it is not easy to get to the expected effect. By reading a lot of Chinese and English references about flocculants, we learn that current references put more attention to the development of flocculants, but less to the co-effect of wastewater disposal，the paper provides wastewater disposal ways with co-effect.
Because flocculating effects are relative to flocculating mechanism, the thesis paper first researches some inorganic flocculants deeply (FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, Fe2(SO4)3 , PSF) and organic flocculants (PAM, PAN)on their structure, and research their flocculating mechanism respectively. According to the theory analysis, the experiment is divided into three parts: (1) Organic、inorganic flocculants dispose diatomite original liquid separately, about muddy degree, best throwing amount, pH range, temperature influence and so on, we especially noticed that former experiments didn’t take note of the pH change between before throwing and after throwing. For filling the blank, we introduce the pH change amount to the experiment, serving as a guideline, and analysised it; (2) Organic and inorganic flocculants compound, compare with singleness; (3) Appling compound to actual life wastewater, test the disposal effect.
Through the above experiments and theory analysis, we discover the effective ways to reach the cooperation effect: a. When inorganic flocculants mechanism is compress double electric layer, casting inorganic flocculants firstly and then organic flocculants; b. When inorganic flocculants mechanism is attaching bridge mechanism, casting organic flocculants firstly and then inorganic flocculants; c. Inorganic flocculants’ applicable pH range is between 6 and 9; d. From 00C to 350C, more high the temperature, more notable the eliminating muddy degree, but temperature is not sensitive to muddy degree; e. Reduce muddy degree of aluminum salt cooperating with organic flocculants is better than the one of iron salt; f. In the area of reduce muddy degree, organic flocculants assume main effect; g. Intensifying reduce muddy degree is distinctly higher than natural settlement.

Key Words: flocculant, flocculent mechanism, cooperation effect, muddy degree

目   录

第1章 前言 7
1.1 引言 7
1.2 絮凝的基础理论 8
1.2.1絮凝剂的分类 8
1.2.1絮凝在国内外的发展现状 13   
1.2.1絮凝机理 14
1.3 课题意义 17
1.6 主要工作 18
第2章 絮凝剂机理及絮凝效果影响因素 19
2.1絮凝动力学模型 19
2.2 絮凝机理 20
   2.2.1 压缩双电层 20
   2.2.2 电中和 21
   2.2.3 吸附架桥 21
   2.2.4 网捕 22
2.3 不同絮凝剂分子结构与絮凝机理 22
   2.3.1 FeCl3和Fe2(SO4)3分子结构与絮凝机理 22
   2.3.2 聚合硫酸铁分子结构与絮凝机理 23
   2.3.3  Al2(SO4)3分子结构与絮凝机理 23
   2.3.4 聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)分子结构与絮凝机理 24
   2.3.5 阴离子聚丙稀酸钠(PAN)分子结构与絮凝机理 25
2.4絮凝效果影响因素 25
   2.3.1 水温 25
 2.3.2 水体PH值 25
   2.3.3 絮凝剂的性质和结构 26
   2.3.4 絮凝剂的投加量 27
   2.3.5 搅拌速度和时间 27
   2.3.6 水中共存盐类 28
第3章 单一絮凝剂絮凝实验 29
3.1 实验目的 29
3.2 实验步骤 29
    3.2.1 确定最佳用量 29
    3.2.2 确定最佳pH范围 30
3.3 絮凝实验药品及仪器 31
3.3.1仪器 32
3.3.2药品 32
3.4 主要指标测定方法 32
    3.4.1 浊度 32
    3.4.2 色度 33
3.5 结果分析与讨论 33
         3.5.1 最佳用量实验 33
        3.5.2 最佳pH值范围实验 36
    3.6 本章小结 40
第4章 复配絮凝剂絮凝实验 41
4.1 实验目的 41
4.2 实验步骤 41
4.3 结果分析与讨论 42
    4.3.1 复配投加顺序影响 42
4.4 本章小结 54
第5章 模拟印染水样复配去色实验 56
    4.1 实验目的…………………………………………………… 56
5.2 实验步骤 56
    5.3 实验用染料分子结构 57
  5.4 实验结果和讨论 58
第6章 结论 59
致谢 60
参考文献 61
毕业设计小结 63

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