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毕 业 设 计（论文）

离子交换纤维的动态吸附性能研究

摘  要

对印染废水的处理是目前水污染处理工程的重要组成部分，而对废水的脱色则是处理印染废水的关键所在。随着高分子材料科学的迅速发展，各种新型吸附分离功能材料相继出现。利用氧化还原体系引发乙烯基单体在棉纤维上接枝共聚以制得吸附性材料是其中的一个研究方向。本论文即是基于此的研究。
在论文中，对经酸前处理的棉纤维，用Fe2+-H2O2、KMnO4和Ce4+三种引发体系分别引发丙烯酰胺（AAM）接枝共聚，通过霍夫曼转位，制得能对活性染料废水有效脱色的弱碱性阴离子吸附剂。本文对三种引发体系引发制备地吸附剂进行了接枝率和吸附性能地对比；通过间隙式吸附实验和柱式通水法实验，分析了运用此吸附剂对活性橙红染料废水脱色过程的影响因素；并且最后分析了离子交换纤维接枝共聚的反应机理和对染料的吸附与脱附机理。
通过实验，我们发现三种引发剂制备的离子交换纤维的接枝率大小顺序为：KMnO4> Fe2+-H2O2> Ce4+；其脱色效果随着接枝率的降低依次有小幅度的减弱；离子交换纤维对X-GN染料废水的吸附作用在pH =5 时脱色率最高，离子交换纤维对活性橙红废水脱色处理的最适宜温度为25～30℃；离子交换纤维对染料废水动态吸附达最佳吸附效果时的通水速率为1.0～1.3ml/min，填充密度为0.034～0.056g/cm3 ；通过用加有尿素的氢氧化钠溶液中洗脱，稀酸处理，再生离子交换纤维，其三次再生效率高于80％，再生后的通水倍数仍是活性炭的10倍。
总之，利用丙烯酰胺在棉纤维上发生接枝共聚反应，通过霍夫曼转位反应，制得的弱碱性阴离子交换纤维是一种制备方法简单、接枝率高、使用方便、吸附性能良好、再生容易、再生率高的吸附剂，适宜应用在染料废水脱色处理的工程中。

关键词：离子交换纤维；接枝共聚；吸附；脱色

  Abstract

The treatment with dyeing wastewater is an important part of wastewater treatment, while the key of it is color removal. With the rapid development of Polymeric materials science, kinds of the novel materials with the function of adsorption and separation come forth. Using ethylene monomer graft-polymerize on cotton fabric is one of numerous research fields, which is the topic of this paper.
In this paper, acryl amide (AAM) was grafted onto cotton fabric by using Fe2+-H2O2, KMnO4 and Ce4+ initiator, followed by Hofmann degradation, thus the amine functionalization of the grafted cotton fabric was achieved, that is to say, the fibrous anion exchange cotton containing weak base (as below it was called ion exchange cotton) was prepared. In this paper, rates of graft and decolouring on ion exchange cotton initiated by the three initiator was compared, and the application of the prepared ion exchange cotton to decolouring model wastewater in the dyeing process was investigated in not only static adsorption experiment but also dynamic adsorption experiment. Moreover, in the end, the mechanism of graft copolymerization reaction, adsorption and regeneration were analyzed.
Through the preparing experiment, it was found out that the graft rate order onto cotton fabric by three initiator was KMnO4 >Fe2+-H2O2>Ce4+, and decolouring rate decreased little with graft rate decreasing. After the static adsorption experiment we found out that between 25℃ and 30℃,with pH =5, dyeing wastewater can be discolored well by using ion exchange cotton. After the dynamic adsorption experiment it was found out that with the current speed between 1.0 and 1.3 ml/min, packing density of 0.034~0.056 g/cm3, the dynamic adsorption achieved the best effect. In addition, the dye adsorbed ion exchange cotton was easily eluted with dilute NaOH solution, and the ability of the regenerated ion exchange cotton decreased little, whose three-time regenerating efficiency still can reach 82%. And after regeneration, the volume of water to remove color is ten times as than that of granular active carbon.
Generally, the ion exchange cotton prepared by using acryl amide (AAM) graft onto cotton fabric has high graft rate, with greater adsorption/desorption rate and larger adsorption capacity than granular active carbon, and with convenient preparation and regeneration. It adapts to remove color in dyeing wastewater.
Key words: ion exchange fiber; graft co polymerization; colour removal; adsorption
 
目 录
第1章 绪 论 1
1.1本课题研究意义 1
1.2 吸附分离功能纤维的发展及应用 2
1.3离子交换纤维的历史与研究开发现状 3
1.3.2  离子交换纤维在我国的发展状况 5
1.4离子交换纤维的结构与性能特点 6
1.4.1 离子交换纤维的应用特点和机械性能 6
1.4.2 离子交换纤维材料的动力学性能 7
1.5 离子交换纤维的制备方法 8
1.5.1  纱线和纤维束或织物经连续反应制备纤维和织物 8
1.5.2 含活性基的单体聚合成纤法 8
1.5.3  聚合物混合合成纤法 9
1.5.4  用基体纤维的改性制备 9
1.5.5  含各种活性功能基纤维的直接化学改性 9
1.5.6  高聚物功能基接枝法 9
1.6 本论文的主要工作 10
第2章 实验方法 11
2.1 实验所用仪器和药剂 11
2.1.1  所用仪器 11
2.1.2  实验所用主要药品和试剂 12
2.2离子交换纤维的制备方法 13
2.2.1  Fe2+-H2O2作为引发剂 13
2.2.2  Ce4+ 作引发剂 14
2.2.3  KMnO4作为引发剂 14
2.3 吸附性能评价实验 15
2.3.1 仿真废水制备 15
2.3.2 活性橙红X-GN染料的最大吸收波长。 15
2.3.2 静态吸附实验 16
2.3.3 动态吸附实验 16
2.3.4 离子交换棉的再生 17
2.3.5 SEM的测定 17
第3章 结果与讨论 18
3.1 三种引发剂制备的吸附剂的比较 18
3.2 静态吸附性能评价 19
3.2.1  pH值的影响 19
3.2.2  温度的影响 20
3.2.3  与活性炭和原棉对比 20
3.3 动态吸附性能评价 21
3.3.1  流速的影响 21
3.3.2  填充密度的影响 22
3.3.3  与活性炭的对比 23
3.4 再生效果评价 24
3.5 机理分析 25
3.5.1  离子纤维制备过程机理 25
3.5.3  再生脱附机理 29
第4章 结 论 30
致 谢 31
参考资料 32
毕业设计小结 34
 
第1章 绪 论

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