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毕 业 设 计（论文）

烟气脱硫吸收塔设计

摘 要

考虑到对煤种及锅炉负荷的适应性、运行与维修的方便性、吸收剂的廉价性和来源广范性、副产品具有的综合利用价值性 (即使抛弃搁置也无二次污染)，在比较了几种不同工艺的特性以及它们中国的实际应用情况之后，本文选择了顺应吸收塔发展潮流的喷淋塔作为设计对象来实现石灰石－石膏湿法烟气脱硫。
这套工艺采用了脱硫、除尘和就地强制氧化同时完成的高性能化组合塔型。设计塔内烟气的流速为3 m/s ，液气比为18 L/m3，钙硫比为1.04。喷淋塔主体、除雾器和再热器依次垂直布置，这样塔的整体布局将会更加紧凑，占地面积较小。对于脱硫产物石膏,则采取了回收与抛弃兼容的处理方法。
塔内脱硫工作流程为：经释热降温后的烟气自下而上的进入吸收塔的逆流段，与依*重力降落的高密度循环喷淋液滴进行高效接触，气液两相在空间完成传质和吸收的过程。然后洁净的烟气经过除雾器的除雾和再热器的加热后从烟囱中被释放到大气当中去。吸收浆液在塔下部的氧化槽中被氧化成石膏浆液，然后进入石膏浓缩脱水系统。

关键词：湿法烟气脱硫，喷淋塔，石灰石－石膏法

ABSTRACT

Considering the adaptability to coal type and loads, the convenience of operation and maintenance, the relatively cheap and easy-obtaining absorbent, the comprehensive utilization of by-product (no secondary pollution, even abandoned gypsum), after comparing different technical process features and the application situation in China, the spray scrubber, which is the developing trend of absorption tower ,is designed for CaCO3－CaSO4 wet flue gas desulfurization in this paper.

The technology uses the high-performance integral spray scrubber, in which the function of desulfurization, dedusting, and forced oxidation on the spot are possessed simultaneously. The designed velocity of flue gas in countercurrent section is 3 m/s. The liquid/gas ratio is 18 L/m3 and Ca/S ratio is 1.04. Spray tower, mist eliminator, reheater are arranged one on top of another vertically, therefore the tower area layout of it is more compact and the occupied land area is smaller. For the desulfurization products, gypsum, the treatment of part being recovered and part being abandoned was adopt.

Working principle of it is that the flue gas flows upwards into the scrubber countercurrent section after heat being released and temperature being lowered, reacts with high-density circulating slurry drops downwards fallen by gravity, gas and slurry two phases finish the process mass transferring and absorption reaction. Than the clean flue gas passes through mist eliminator and reheater, and discharges to the atmosphere through chimney. The absorbing slurry is oxidized in the lower oxidation sump, and then enters gypsum concentration and dehydration system.

KEY WORDS：wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD)，spray scrubber，limestone-gypsum technology

目录

前言………………………………………………………………………8
第1章 脱硫方案的选择………………………………………………10
1.1 FGD的种类……………………………………………………10
1.2国内外FGD发展概况…………………………………………10
1.3 FGD工艺的选择………………………………………………12
第2章 WFGD工艺基础………………………………………………14
2.1石灰石WFGD反应机理………………………………………14
2.2 SO2吸收机理…………………………………………………16
第3章喷淋塔的设计计算………………………………………………17
3.1设计初值………………………………………………………17
3.1.1燃煤成分……………………………………………………17
3.1.2烟气状态……………………………………………………20
3.2喷淋塔喷淋区的设计…………………………………………20
3.2.1喷淋塔吸收区内径和塔截面积……………………………20
3.2.2 喷淋塔吸收区喷淋层………………………………………21
3.2.3喷淋层的雾化喷嘴…………………………………………22
3.2.4喷雾管道的设计与布置……………………………………26
3.2.5喷淋塔烟气入口、出口及多孔托盘………………………27
3.3喷淋塔氧化区的设计…………………………………………29
3.3.1喷淋塔氧化区尺寸…………………………………………29
3.3.2喷淋塔氧化槽的隔板………………………………………29
3.3.3 喷淋塔氧化槽的搅拌器和挡板……………………………30
3.3.4喷淋塔氧化区的氧化管道…………………………………31
3.3.5喷淋塔氧化风机……………………………………………31
3.4喷淋塔除雾区的设计…………………………………………33
3.5 塔体的高度设计………………………………………………35
3.6泵的选择………………………………………………………37
3.7喷淋塔的冲洗…………………………………………………37
3.8喷淋塔主要技术经济指标……………………………………39
第4章 石灰石－石膏WFGD系统构成………………………………40
4.1烟气热交换系统………………………………………………40
4.2石灰石浆制备系统……………………………………………43
4.3 SO2吸收系统…………………………………………………46
4.4石膏制备及处置系统…………………………………………49
4.5通风系统………………………………………………………51
4.6废水处理系统…………………………………………………52
4.7公共系统………………………………………………………53
4.8控制系统………………………………………………………54
4.8.1控制仪器仪表………………………………………………54
4.8.2连锁及保护…………………………………………………56
4.8.3通讯…………………………………………………………56
4.8.4电气系统……………………………………………………56
第5章 烟气脱硫设备的防腐工程…………………………………57
5.1材料腐蚀机理…………………………………………………58
5.2防腐材料的选择及应用………………………………………59
5.2.1静态设备防腐蚀 …………………………………………59
5.2.2动态设备防腐蚀……………………………………………60
第6章 脱硫产物的处置和综合利用………………………………61
第7章 可*性分析…………………………………………………63
第8章 经济分析……………………………………………………66
第9章 有关FGD技术及装备对策的建议…………………………68
第10章 结论…………………………………………………………70
致谢………………………………………………………………………71
参考文献…………………………………………………………………72
毕业设计小结……………………………………………………………74

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