Research of Injury Insurance Prevention Mechanism in the "Three-in-One" Industrial Injury Insurance System

【摘要 (中文/英文)】 随着社会工业化程度的提高,工伤事故不可避免。工伤保险由工伤而起,因工伤而设,以保障工伤职工获得待遇支付和职业康复,分散企业工伤风险,提高社会职业安全健康水平为目标。2003年4月国务院颁布了《工伤保险条例》,这是我国工伤保险方面的第一个单独条例,表明工伤保险已经进入了一个全新的阶段,标志着我国工伤保险制度已正式进入规范化、法制化的新时代。但经过四年的实施实践,因我国市场经济建立不久,工伤保险起步时间不长,在发挥工伤保险的预防作用方面还存在很大差距。工伤预防是采用管理和技术等手段事先防范职业伤亡事故以及职业病的发生,减少事故及职业病的隐患,改善和创造有利于安全健康的劳动条件,保护劳动者在劳动过程中的安全和健康。 本文的主要内容就是通过对我国当前工伤保险“重补充、轻预防”的现状进行分析,认为当前《工伤保险条例》对工伤预防的规定不够系统明确;工伤预防费用支出不明确;工伤保险差别费率制度不健全,保险费率与安全生产状况脱钩;工伤保险管理体制混乱,工伤预防的行政管理和经办力量不足等等因素都制约了工伤预防工作的开展。但是就目前工伤保险发展阶段来看,是到了建立工伤预防、工伤康复、工伤补偿相结合的“三位...更多一体”的工伤保险体系的时候了。本文通过对这几年工伤保险基金的收支情况的分析,认为当前应该加强工伤保险的预防工作,并提出“三位一体”的工伤保险体系下工伤预防运行机制应有专题研究、政策保障、费用投入、组织管理、费率调整、社会化服务、宣传培训、监察评估等八大部分组成。文章最后对我国工伤预防机制提出了一些对策和建议。 本文的创新之处在于通过对“三位一体”的工伤保险体系中八个子体系的分析,继而引出工伤预防机制的各个组成部分,使工伤预防运行机制形成一个有机的系统,从而在整个工伤保险体系中发挥最大作用,促进工伤保险制度的健康发展。 

 With the increased industrialization society, industrial accidents become to inevitable. Replaced by the industrial injury insurance for work-related injuries and designed to protect access to treatment for injured workers and vocational rehabilitation, decentralized enterprises injury risk, and enhance social occupational safety and health as the goal. April 2003 the State Council promulgated the "industrial injury insurance regulations", and this is my work injury insurance in a separate section of the shows that work-related injuries insurance has entered a new stage, indicating that China's industrial injury insurance system has been officially entered the standardization and systematization of a new era. However, after four years of implementation of practice because of the establishment of China's market economy soon start work injury insurance is not long, play in the prevention of occupational injury insurance still has a big gap. Injury prevention is a management and technical means, such as pre-vocational casualties, as well as occupational diseases and reduces the hidden cause of the accident and occupational diseases improve and create conducive to a safe and healthy working conditions, protection of workers in the labor process in the safety and health. The main article is based on China's current industrial injury insurance, "added weight, light to prevent" an analysis of the status that the current "industrial injury insurance regulations" on the provisions of injury prevention systems clear enough; Injury prevention expenses not clear; work injury insurance system is not sound different rates, premium rates and the state of production safety link industrial injury insurance management system chaos, the administration and injury prevention is insufficient, and so on - all factors constraining the injury prevention work the launching. But on the current stage of development of the industrial injury insurance is to prevent the establishment of injuries, injury rehabilitation, and injury compensation combination of the "Three-in-One" of the industrial injury insurance system of the time. Through the last few years work injury insurance fund income and expenditure analysis of the situation in that the current industrial injury insurance should be strengthened prevention function, and presents the "Three-in-One" of the industrial injury insurance system, the prevention of work-related injuries should be operational mechanism studies, policy support, input costs, organizational management, tariff adjustment, social services, advocacy training, monitoring assessment eight major components. The last article on the mechanism of injury prevention strategies and put forward some recommendations. In this article, the innovation is through the "Three-in-One " of the industrial injury insurance system is part of the analysis, and then leads to the prevention of injuries the various components of the mechanism, so that the prevention of work-related injuries operating mechanism of the formation of an organic system, resulting in the entire industrial injury insurance system play the largest role in promoting industrial development of the health insurance system.

【关键词 (中文/英文)】 工伤保险; 工伤预防; 工伤费率

Work injury insurance; the prevention of work-related injuries; work-related injuries rates