China's Rural Social Endowment Insurance Research

【摘要 (中文/英文)】 农村社会养老保险作为一种社会性养老方式,可以说是在城镇社会养老保险基础上的一种扩展,是关系农民切身利益,关乎农村稳定发展的重要因素。因此,完善中国农村社会养老保险是我们现在的当务之急,具有重要的社会意义。但是,目前我国还没有一部制度规范、实行较好的有关农村社会养老保险的法规。缺失的原因有历史的、经济的、社会的和政治等多方面的因素。并且这种缺失已严重影响到社会的稳定,制约着经济的发展。因此,为了应对市场经济和城市化进程加快的冲击,本着构建和谐社会的目的,我们应尽快解决农村社会养老保险方面的问题。 本文以青岛市农村社会养老保险为例,首先,对农村社会养老保险进行了理论阐释。说明农村社会养老保险是我国农村居民在政府组织引导下,由个人缴费为主,集体补助为辅,进行经济储蓄积累,在个人丧失劳动能力时从国家和社会取得帮助,领取养老金以保障其基本生活需要的一种社会养老保险制度。它具有以全体农民为对象,县级核算与管理等五方面的基本特征以及区别于城市社会养老保险的三个主要特征;其次,在明确概念之后,从社会保障理论对农村社会养老保险模式的影响进行分析,目的是从理论上对我国农保模式的选择进行探讨;再次,对农村社...更多会养老保险的现状进行分析。包括新中国成立后农村社会养老保险及其立法的发展历程以及农村社会养老保险的实践,主要从实践的角度探讨我国农保模式的选择;另外,分析我国农村社会养老保险存在的问题,并分别从宏观及微观方面对其成因进行分析;最后,在总结前文的基础上提出了帮助完善我国农村社会养老保险的对策建议。 

 Since the reform and open policy has established for 30 years, our countryside still take the family retirement as the fundamental mode and view the land as the retirement material carrier. Before the founding of New China,this is an important way to guarantee farmers’lives. However, with economic and social development progressing, this approach has become increasingly unable to meet the needs of China's peasants living. It is necessary to implement a social way of pension. Rural social endowment insurance as a social pension, it can be viewed as an expansion of the urban social endowment insurance. It is an important factor which relates the farmers’benefit and the stability of rural development. Solving the farmers’pension is equivalent to solving the problem of China's most basic problems of the elderly. Therefore, improving the rural social endowment insurance is the most urgent task now. It is of great social significance. However, at present, China has not yet a system of norms, better implementation of the rural social endowment insurance regulations. The reasons for lacking are historical, economic, social, political, and other various factors. And this loss has seriously affected the stability of society, constraining economic development. Therefore, in order to cope with the market economy and speed up the process of urbanization, the impact of building a harmonious society, we should be resolved as soon as possible rural social endowment insurance issues. In this paper, I take Qingdao rural social endowment insurance for example. First of all, explain the rural social endowment insurance. Illuminating the rural social endowment insurance which is under the official organization guidance is guided mainly by individual contribution, supplemented by collectively grants. It is a social pension insurance system like this: when individuals lose the ability to work, they can find help from the state and the society and draw pensions to protect their basic needs for living. The rural social endowment insurance has five basic characteristics, like targeting to all farmers, county-level accounting and management and it is different from the urban social endowment insurance on the three main characteristics; secondly, after a clear concept, it is elaborated from the rural social endowment insurance’s history and the development. Explaining the rural social endowment insurance’s developing instance on the founding of new China before and after. It introduced some regions and cities in China have established a new type of rural social endowment insurance mode in recent years. And Shandong mode, Guangdong and southern Jiangsu mode are most representative; again, it has analyzed the existing problems of China's rural social endowment insurance from the macro and micro aspects; finally, on the basis of practical experience of Qingdao City’s rural social endowment insurance, it puts forward policy proposals to help improving China's rural social endowment insurance.

【关键词 (中文/英文)】 农村社会养老保险; “新农保”制度; 政府责任

Rural social endowment insurance; the "new farmers’security" system; the government responsibility