【摘要 (中文/英文)】 1978年改革开放以来中国的经济发展取得了举世瞩目的成就。伴随着经济的高速增长,中国城乡居民的收入差距也在不断变化,呈波动中不断扩大的趋势。农村居民的收入增幅一直在低位徘徊,城乡居民收入差距不断扩大已成为中国经济发展中最令人关注的焦点。统筹城乡协调发展、加快农业和农村发展已成为全面建设小康社会和构建和谐社会的根本要求。正是基于这种背景,本文就中国城乡居民收入差距问题进行了深入研究,研究内容主要分为以下几个部分: 本文首先介绍了选题的理论和实践意义。在此基础上对研究所依据的经济学理论基础进行了阐述。本文所依据的经济学理论基础是发展经济学中关于经济发展和收入分配的理论。经济发展和收入分配关系理论最具代表性的理论是刘易斯的二元经济发展理论和西蒙·库兹涅茨的“倒U假说”理论。发展经济学家们关于经济发展和收入分配的理论为发展中国家促进农村剩余劳动力转移,缩小城乡居民收入差距提供了重要的理论依据。 第二章回顾了中国城乡居民收入差距问题的研究现状。作为收入分配问题研究的重要组成部分,城乡居民收入差距问题的研究主要集中在中国城乡居民收入差距的测度和成因分析上。基尼系数是测度中国城乡居民收入差距问题所广...更多泛采用的指标。体制因素、不平衡的发展战略被认为是形成中国城乡居民收入差距的主要原因。 第三章对中国城乡居民收入差距问题进行了定量分析,运用泰尔指数(Theil index)测算城乡居民收入差距及其变动。基本结论有:除上个世纪80年代初、90年代中期城乡居民收入差距有所下降以外,城乡居民收入差距整体一直呈上升趋势。80年代初农村地区的家庭联产承包责任制极大的解放了农村生产力,农业产量、农村居民收入都得到了显著提高。1994-1996年间农产品价格和产量的大幅提高使中国城乡居民收入差距泰尔指数(Theil index)显著回落。1997年后主要农产品生产过剩,价格低迷,城乡乡居民收入差距又一次呈现扩大趋势。体制因素和农产品价格的变化与这两个阶段城乡居民收入差距变化直接相关。 第四章具体分析了中国城乡居民收入差距的形成原因:农业因素和体制因素。农业因素方面:土地规模有限、生产方式落后和生产成本上涨都极大的制约着农产品供给的进一步的增长。另外由于中国农业产业化程度低,政府对农产品价格管制都使农产品的需求弹性变化程度有限。体制因素方面:虽然近几年来政府采取了许多重大改良措施,如取消农业税、医疗体制改革等,但是农村居民收入的增长仍然受不平衡的发展战略制约,农村居民和城市居民在经济社会生活的各个层面的差别待遇仍然显著。 第五章讨论了日益扩大的城乡居民收入差距对中国社会经济发展的影响。城乡居民收入差距扩大不仅影响消费,还会影响投资。提高农村居民收入有利于扩大内需,促进经济可持续健康发展;提高农村居民收入,改善农村人力资本存量水平有利于中国吸引外资,提高中国商品在世界市场上的竞争力;提高农村居民收入还有利于维护社会稳定; 最后第六章在前文分析论证的基础上,提出了缩小中国城乡居民收入差距的政策建议:以市场为主导,充分发挥政府职能,实现农业产业化;改革户籍制度改革,促进农村剩余劳动力转移;改善农村地区财政金融体制、完善农业补贴保险制度;改善农村的社会保障系统,促进社会和谐文明进步。 

 The reforming and opening-up policy carried out since 1978 has greatly changed economic development of China. Along with the economic growth, the income of the residents of urban and rural areas increases rapidly, but the gap between them is becoming bigger and bigger. The increase of farmer’s income lingers at a low level, and the increasing income gap between urban residents and residents in the rural areas has become one focus of Chinese economy development. Coordinated development of urban and rural areas, speeding up the development of agriculture has become the basic requirement of construct the harmonious society. Based on this kind of background, this thesis has been further investigated on the topic of income gaps of Chinese urban and rural residents, the research contents are mainly divided into the following part: This thesis has introduced the meaning of theory and practice of the selected title at first. The economics theoretical foundation is the theory about economic development and income distribution in the development economics. Lewis' Two-sector Economy Growth Theory and Kuznets "Inverted-U" Curve is the most representative theory. Chapter two has reviewed the research situation of income gap problems of Chinese urban and rural residents. As the Important component of income allocation studies, the research of urban and rural residents’income gap concentrate on the estimate of the income gap and the cause of the income gap. Gini coefficient is a widely used index that estimate income gap between Chinese urban and rural residents. System factor, uneven development strategies are considered to be the main reason form income gaps between Chinese urban and rural residents. Chapter three has carried on quantitative analysis to income gap between Chinese urban and rural residents, use Theil index to calculate income gap between urban and rural residents. The basic conclusion is as follows, except the beginning of eighties and the middle period of the nineties, whole income gaps of urban and rural residents have been on the rise all the time. At the beginning of the eighties, the household contract responsibility system has notably improved the productivity and the income of rural residents. In the middle periods of nineties, Theil index fall again due to the high price of agricultural prouct. Income gap between urban and rural residents expanded after the overproduction of main agricultural product after 1997. The changes of system factor and agricultural product price are directly related to the income gaps between urban and rural residents. Chapter 4 analysis the reason of income gap between Chinese urban and rural residents: agricultural factor and system factor. Agricultural factor: limited land scale, low level of technology and high production restrict the further growth of the agricultural product. In addition because the low Industrial Level of Agriculture and the government’s controls of the price of agricultural products make the elasticity demand of agricultural products change limitedly. System factor: Though the government has taken a lot of significance measurement to improve the situation of the rural residents in recent years, such as cancelling agricultural tax, medical system reform, etc., but the growth of the rural resident's income is still limited by uneven development strategy, including each aspect of the economic and social life. Chapter five have discussed the impact on China's social economic development of income gap between urban and rural residents expanded day by day. Big income gap between urban and rural residents are not only influence consume, will also influence investment. Reduce the income gap between rural and urban dividends helps to expand domestic demand; Raise the rural resident's income promote economy to develop sustainably in a healthy way; Raise the rural resident's income helps China to absorb the foreign capitals; It also helps to sustained the stability of the society. Finally, the paper put forwards policy suggestions to balance the income gap between urban and rural residents. It includes realize agricultural industrialization, reform the system of the household register, and promote the rural transfer of surplus labor. Improve the finance condition of the rural area, strengthen the public product investment. Improve the agriculture subsidy and agricultural insurance system. As the guardian of public interests, government needs to improve the social security system of the countryside in order to give each citizen a relatively equal competition chance.

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